‘Friends’ and the play of ‘Neville’s Island’ Essay

The hit sitcom ‘Friends’ began ten years prior when we were first acquainted with Monica, Rachael, Phoebe, Chandler, Ross and Joey and today I am going to contrast the sitcom of ‘Friends’ and the play of ‘Neville’s Island’ which was composed by Tim Firth. Neville’s Island isn't just a play. It has likewise been as of late made into a film featuring Timothy Spall, Martin Clunes, Jeff Rawle and David Bamber. ‘Friends’ then again was composed and still stays for TV and for as long as ten years it has been communicated over the Atlantic to a huge number of energetic watchers both in America and the U.K. In America ‘Friends’ is communicated over the TV station of NBC contrasted with the U.K where it is gotten through Channel 4. At the point when we initially watch the film of ‘Neville’s Island’ we are acquainted with four agents, who, when their pontoon sinks, wind up abandoned on a little island, called Rampsholme in the Lake District’s Derwent Water. The Four Characters in Neville’s Island are in a group building end of the week, they are Neville, (Jeff Rawle), has become the chosen Captain of the gathering, who at that point demonstrates he is unfit for his position when he drives the group off course. He puts forth a valiant effort to keep up request in the group’s contentions, and functions admirably as a go-between as he ends up being truly sensible with his individual friends, and he is by all accounts the most balanced individual from the gathering to ‘island life’, He is wearing an Anorak and wears glasses. He attempts his hardest to keep the harmony among Angus and Gordon, (Timothy Spall) who is very mocking towards his individual friends and a ppears to get on each and every defect in their character, which later demonstrate him to be a harasser, his pitiless mockery gives us numerous entertaining minutes all through the play of Neville’s island, for example, â€Å"all Christians resemble Radio hams†. Gordon appears to have numerous tirades at his kindred associates the greater part of which result in â€Å"handbags at dawn† style pressure among him and Angus, (David Bamber) whom toward the beginning of the play; he seems to be a well-meaning individual who is loaded with positive thinking. Angus appears to have dressed out of the camp shop side of his closet so to talk as he is dressed continually in cagoules, anoraks and sewed caps. Angus ends up being somewhat pitiful as he appears to exhaust everybody firm, with his various endeavors at splitting jokes. Likewise, later in the play where all expectation appears to need to been lost he out of nowhere uncovers a concealed frankfurter, which in the warming of ends up being extremely clever. He may likewise later have upset the gatherings salvage as he appears to have purchased the whole load of an outdoors shop and enlightened no one concerning it, his shopping list incorporates a 18-inch blade, climbing rope†¦and for reasons unknown unbeknown to his individual standees†¦..a supper suit! Roy, (Martin Clunes), is a conceived again Christian who has an un-kempt appearance. Roy has as of late came back to work following a drawn out breakdown, after the demise of his mom, Lucy, he truly clings to his rational soundness and Gordon’s bluster about how elderly individuals just become strict in light of the fact that ‘they are terrified, and there simply getting, snatching, snatching at the rope, and no-ones holding the other end’ doesn’t help either as this close enough sends Roy into a backslide, and he vanishes into the undergrowth with a 18-inch blade, so the gathering dread he may plan something for hurt himself, yet later he is discovered, sat up a tree wearing just his clothing, yet after he restores the blade to Neville, they dread he may end his own life again as Angus’ nearly ‘mile’ long bit of rope has disappeared, and they figure he may hang himself†¦ he additionally uncovers to Neville that he helped his mom to end her own life†¦Roy is likewise a sharp birdwatcher, and he takes as much tim e as is needed on the island to watch an uncommon hawk, and is called among numerous different things by Gordon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Doo-lally’ ‘Friends’ is around 6 companions who all live in a similar square of condos in New York, the show takes us through their individual qualities, shortcomings, issues and goals†¦most of all their interweaving associations with one another. The characters in companions are Joey Tribbiani †(Matt Leblanc.) Joey is wide carried, wide-peered toward and half-witted. Joey originates from New York and is a sweetheart who has had numerous accomplices. Joey is a not all that great on-screen character who never needs to play-act being a hero or a superior companion, yet he needs to become wildly successful as an on-screen character. He is shameless, and a large portion of his jokes are explicitly orientated, trailed by hand signals. Joey is wry. Chandler Bing †(Matthew Perry) Wise-splits, and sets off improvement in characters and storyline. Chandler seems, by all accounts, to be over-qualified at work and he is by all accounts terrified of spouse Monica. Chandler offers downright awful guidance. Ross Geller †(David Schwimmer) Ross is the exemplification of a scholarly nerd as he is a specialist in Paleontology. Ross is as yet searching for affection after 3 separations. He has consistently adored Rachael. Ross is very geeky, and (more often than not) adheres to the standard book. Rachael Green †(Jennifer Aniston), Rachael seems to be an IT/Daddy’s young lady. She dither’s a great deal, and is intended to be with Ross, despite the fact that they have floated separated ordinarily. Monica Geller Bing †(Courtney Cox Arquette) used to be a secondary school greasy, yet now has thinned down to fanatical and cleaning frantic Monica. She is a decent sister to Ross and a companion to everybody. Subsequent to wedding Chandler, Monica appears to have made him discover his development. Phoebe Buffay Hannigan †(Lisa Kudrow) a flower child chick who has had a horrible existence, her mom executed herself, her stepfather went to jail, and she lived in the city for a portion of her life. She makes individuals frantic with her out-of-key society melodies that she composes with her guitar. Phoebe can be very dippy, however she is thoughtful hearted, a decent soul, and appears to accept regularly as it comes. She close to enough buoys around and I think would have fit in consummately in the 60’s. †Very silly. The sitcom of companions is set in New York and it has all the earmarks of being focused on the more youthful ages of the 90’s and 00’s, this is for the most part brought about by its diversion and that the characters themselves are exceptionally youthful. In contrast with this the play of ‘Neville’s Island’ is set in a remote island in a lake in the Lake District and its characters are on the whole moderately aged around 40 years of age and ‘Neville’s Island’, I think can engage all ages as the parody and setbacks that happen between the four characters of Angus, Roy, Gordon and Neville could nearly transpire of all ages. The four men in ‘Neville’s Island’ are largely officials of a water organization and they have been sent in this group building exercise. The kinships in either dramatization are altogether different, as the 6 companions in ‘Friends’ are for the most part colossally close and in the wake of being so for a long time they seem to have an adoration for one another which accompanies a bond that makes their fellowships so unique to them, despite the fact that the gathering is half men, half ladies separated from sexual strain among Monica and Chandler, Ross and Rachael this appears to not influence their kinships at all. These obligations of companionship couldn't be more unique in relation to in the play of ‘Neville’s Island’ by Tim Firth as the four partners appear to have been compelled to be together and this makes bunches of pressure between them especially with Roy and Gordon with his tirades about â€Å"all Christians resemble radio-hams†. The four associates appear to be each enduring each other continually and we get a feeling that on the off chance that they had not worked i n a similar work environment, these four people could never had considered turning out to be companions with one another. The Two drama’s of ‘Friends’ and ‘Neville’s Island’ have been written around the same time and they incorporate numerous ethical issues and data about current undertakings for instance the disposition of ‘Friends’ was marginally changed for some time during the result of the September eleventh psychological oppressor assaults on the World exchange communities. The home life/way of life has influenced the characters of the considerable number of characters in either show, for example, Phoebe is marginally frantic and once in a while capricious. This may have been brought about by her conditions as a kid as her mom murdered herself, her stepfather went to jail, and she lived in the city for a portion of her life. In ‘Neville’s Island’ we see Gordon who seems to menace the vast majority he sees by getting on each imperfection in their character and utilizing it as ammo against them, Gordon seems, by all accounts, t o be trying to claim ignorance as in certainty he is desolate however will not concede this. There are numerous topics/gives that emerge from the two shows of ‘Neville’s Island’ and ‘Friends’, for example, Status; in ‘Friends’ the 6 characters stand nearly as people and they regard each other as a result of it and separated from minute upheavals from such characters as Monica giving tirades about â€Å"Crummies†, however this is essentially a piece of Monica’s character and doesn't recognize her as having more control over individual companions. As opposed to this there is utilization of Status/Power in ‘Neville’s Island’, and this comes mostly from the character Gordon tormenting individuals and bossing them about. Gordon isn't anyway the picked pioneer of the gathering, who is Neville yet Gordon, thinks little of his given expert on the island and basically does what he needs and says what he needs paying little mind to their sentiments. Gordon consistently offers mocking and negative remarks a bout his individual

Energy Efficient And Environmentally Friendly Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay

The undermentioned examination is a basic top to bottom investigation of Green or Sustainable structure. Green design is an assault to building that decreases destructive impacts on the earth and to human health. The green inside decorator endeavors to proceed with the normal home ground of Earth by using Earth neighborly structure stuffs and building procedures. There are numerous elements considered by inside decorators while planing â€Å" green † . The examination essentially centers around how green structure can populate close by or even replaces current housing building designs and the favorable circumstances it offers the inhabitants and inside decorators similarly. The able issue examined in the investigation is acceptable known and has been talked about/planned the universe over. Any structure whether a house or an office could be planned in a way to shield indoor unbounded from outer components, chief representation being the conditions. So as to achieve this reason, various components, for example, advanced warming, cooling frameworks, airing and proper stuffs can be utilized. As such, tremendous wholes of vitality is moderated on an everyday balance. Savingss, for example, these non simply have monetary advantages to the customer, yet alongside to the earth with less hurtful radiations being created than typical vitality ingestion. The examination is separated into sections and will talk the undermentioned focuses in thing: Presentation on what is Green structure and why the interest for adjustment History of green plan and how it has been utilized all through clasp, focusing on stuffs utilized in the days gone by and the green movement today Standards of Green plan and methodological analysiss consolidated. Instances of Green structure. Focusing on three separate bodies, for example, ; Refurbished Apartment Block, A house and a Commercial physical make-up. How green structure can hold a positive result on vitality productive and naturally agreeable buildings. How Designing and making productsA with new propelled considerations will downplay ecological pollute, chop down the use of vitality and present the use of substitute vitality. What changes to conventional examples are being made to achieve Government marks with representations of effective current green building endeavors. The adjustments required for the great beyond and ask the request on the off chance that it is workable for every single future structure to be green. Choice, summing up the focuses talked about in the investigation. Presentation The undermentioned part presents green plan and remembers definitions for what is implied by green or manageable structure. The section other than talks about why the interest to travel ‘green ‘ and the Government stamps and request set by the United Nations. In 1983, the United Nations set up the World Commission on Environment and Development ( Bruntland Commission ) . At that point in 1987, the panel distributed ‘Our Common Future ‘ , which characterized practical ( green ) advancement as: Fulfilling the needs of the present without bargaining the capacity of future coevalss to run into their ain requests ( MacKenzie, 1991, p10 ) . Supportability or green structure is characterized by the Design Council as, ‘delivering the best ( cultural, ecological, financial ) open introduction for the least ( cultural, natural, monetary ) cost. ‘ In request for an inside decorator to accomplish maintainability a comprehensive assault must be clung to which exchanges with the extent of requests showed by the undermentioned three mainstays of supportable turn of events: Social obligation Natural assurance Financial turn of events The spot structure industry began using the expression green buildings in the late eightiess ( other than alluded to as practical plan ) transforming a specialty movement of asset productive spots into a calm transformation, which has simple become a perfect or best way to develop. Fundamentally, Green feasible building configuration is an a little bit at a time place structure technique to downplay the negative effects on nature and which is other than asset productive. The Green assault is a sensible answer to a variety of issues that influence we all in present day twenty-four hours life for example adjusting conditions structures, expanding vitality money related qualities and debilitating H2O assets. Orchestrating to the UK Green structure Council, which was propelled in February 2007, buildings are answerable for around 40 % of our whole C footmark, which adds to crude material use and waste creation. Thus, you can reason that buildings immensy affect the earth. ( UK Green Building Council, [ n.d. ] , [ online ] ) Orchestrating to the Salford University Energy @ the University site, UK family spreads expanded by 40 % somewhere in the range of 1990 and 2005 and 44 % of all UKs ‘ CO2 radiations originated from residential power ingestion and individual travel. ( University Of Salford, [ n.d. ] , [ online ] ) Join this with the abatement in regular assets and increment in fuel money related qualities, affecting everyone and there is no vulnerability that the UK is making a horrendous emergency. ( Wicks, M.Woolas, P, 2008, [ online ] ) Biological and natural features, for example, conditions, clime modification and contamination are on the insight regular. The interest for eco-accommodating stocks and housing is expanding. Besides, turning awareness of the potential effects of clime modification is affecting how organizations work and the stocks they offer, both creation new markets and diminishing or destructing bing 1s. Robert and Brenda Vale in their book Green Architecture. Structure for a Sustainable Future characterizes green plan as: aë†â ¦green assault to the constructed condition includes an all encompassing assault to the plan of buildings ; that all the assets that go into a structure, be they stuffs, powers or the piece of the clients should be thought of if a supportable design is to be producedaë†â ¦ ( Vale, R.Vale, B,1991, p5 ) Blending to the Vales 66 % of whole UK vitality use is represented by structures and building and administrations. This figure recommends that structure and structure building are one of the a large portion of import clients of vitality and assets. So as to attempt issues, for example, ozone exhaustion, regular asset wastage, poisonous transmissions, the structure plan and building administrations will hold to rethink all structure stuffs creation, building and travel strategies. Protecting spots or using low vitality noticeable radiation bulbs will non do quite a bit of a distinction and cardinal modifications are required. ( Vale, R.Vale, B, 1991, p5 )Chapter 1: Past and A ; PresentThe undermentioned section talks about how green structure has been utilized in the days of old and the various stages or inclinations it has experienced up until the present. The section other than examines a portion of the ventures accessible from the Government to help individuals travel green.1.1 His toryGreen configuration may seem like a relatively new develop, yet the Anasazi Indians in the U.S. assembled the principal green spots 1000s of mature ages back each piece right on time as 700 A.D. Eric Freed writes in book Green Building and Remodeling for Dummies that couple of their green spot plans included idle sunlight based warming and chilling airing frameworks. They were so before their clasp that they other than found a strategy for water accumulation for water system all of which made utilization of characteristic, non-poisonous stuffs, for example, wood, earth and rock. In spite of the fact that these antiquated green structure musings are progressed and acceptable before their clasp, it would all things considered be difficult to use them in current structure programs however the green spots do serve great as a motivation to developers and creators who are keen on be aftering and planing eco-accommodating green spots and networks. Common, reused, non-ordinary and non-harmful building stuffs can be only every piece effective in footings of run intoing the basis needs of a structure while other than encouraging maintainability and cut bringing down health risks on its inhabitants. Developing plan has experienced a figure of stages since forever. The first being the expanding toughness and length of administration of the stuffs utilized. Early building stuffs were sensitive, for example, foliages, developments, and fleshly fells. Before long, all the more enduring normal stuffs, for example, rock, timber and mud were utilized. At that point in the long run, man-made stuffs, for example, block, solid, metals, and plastic were being fused. Another inclination was the interest for bigger structures with extensive height, which was accomplished by building more grounded stuffs and by cognizing of how these stuffs cooperated with each other to gain the most out of them. Another propensity was to order within the buildings, for example, the natural aspects like air temperature, obvious radiation and sound degrees and so forth, factors that influence human solace. At long last going towards the use of incredible hardware on the other hand of universes in the structure building methodology and how by using these techniques would chop down energy.1.2 Past DecadesBy 1980, the green structure movement was just persuade bringing down to be composed but since vitality money related qualities were low, individuals did non see the interest to rescue and henceforth tiny progression was made. The movement was get bringing down yet was as yet a long way from the considerations framed in before decennaries. ( The tenet of feasible plan, p29 ) . Promoters for practical plan confronted additional boundaries and Green structure considerations were hard to get a hold of. Green stuffs were increasingly costly and hard to occur. People groups did non hold adequate insight and on the grounds that there was non an interest for Green, mistakes were being made. These mixes of variables were non recipes for fast developing and consequently Green was no longer observed as the in-thing. ( The regulation of maintainable plan, p30 ) .1.3 The twenty-first centuryThe 21st century is the place green or economical structure really lifted off and exceptionally this dece

Transient Applications are Open - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Summer/Fall 2017 Transfer/Transient Applications are Open - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Summer/Fall 2017 Transfer/Transient Applications are Open The Summer/Fall transfer and transient applications opened on Tuesday, January 24. While the application is now open, please take your time completing it. Again, please take your time, as it is much easier to submit a correct application than fix problems with a error filled one. Make sure you are applying for the correct program, the correct campus, the correct term, etc. Here are a few suggestions and updates for transfer applicants.While the application is open, we project we will not begin reviewing Summer transfers and transients until mid-late February, and we will not start with Fall transfers until March. Review our transfer procedures and requirements, as well as our academic consideration levels. Select the term you wish to attend, not one you have heard is easier to get in (this is a myth). If you select summer, for instance, we expect you to attend for summer, and if you do not, you cannot then attend in the fall. Please send in all the required transcripts after you apply, not before. As well, we need all transcripts from colleges ever attended, even if you attended a college during HS. When you are at the page where you enter in your previous schools, start typing in the name or city of the school, and it will auto generate schools that match. Select the correct one and the right code will then populate. If a transcript has a different name than the one you applied with, please make sure to let us know so we can match up documents, If you started a freshman application earlier to set up an account, you will need to change the application type, etc. It is much better to get everything correct before applying rather than try to fix things after you submit an application, so triple check everything. Once you apply, be patient. Review the timelines page on this blog, give us time to match up things, and relax. For document matching purposes, we suggest you give us 10 business days from when you apply or submit transcripts, whichever one comes last. Make sure to monitor your status page after sending in transcripts, but give us time to complete your file. Go Dawgs, and be patient!

King Louis XVI, Deposed in the French Revolution

Louis XVI (born Louis-Auguste; August 23, 1754–January 21, 1793)  was the French king whose reign collapsed because of the French Revolution. His failure to grasp the situation and to compromise, coupled with his requests for foreign intervention, were factors that led to his execution by guillotine and the creation of the new republic. Fast Facts: King Louis XVI of France Known For:  King of France at the time of the French Revolution, executed by guillotineAlso Known As:  Louis-Auguste, Citizen Louis CapetBorn:  August 23, 1754 in Versailles,  FranceParents: Louis, Dauphin of France and Maria Josepha of SaxonyDied:  January 21, 1793  in Paris,  FranceSpouse: Marie AntoinetteChildren: Marie-Thà ©rà ¨se-Charlotte, Louis Joseph Xavier Franà §ois, Louis Charles, Sophie Hà ©là ¨ne Bà ©atrice de FranceNotable Quote: I die innocent of all the crimes laid to my charge; I pardon those who have occasioned my death; and I pray to God that the blood you are going to shed may never be visited on France. Early Life Louis-Auguste, the future Louis XVI, was born on August 23, 1754. His father, Louis, Dauphin of France, was the heir to the French throne. Louis-Auguste was the oldest son born to his father to survive childhood; when his father died in 1765, he became the new heir to the throne. Louis-Auguste was a keen student of language and history. He excelled at technical subjects and was deeply interested in geography, but historians are unsure about his level of intelligence. Marriage to Marie Antoinette When his mother died in 1767, the now-orphaned Louis grew close to his grandfather, the reigning king. At age 15 in 1770, he married 14-year-old Marie Antoinette, daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor. For uncertain reasons (possibly related to Louis’ psychology and ignorance, rather than a physical ailment), the couple did not consummate the marriage for many years. Marie Antoinette received much of the publics blame for the lack of children in the early years of their marriage. Historians postulate that Louis initial coolness to Marie Antoinette was due to his fear that she might have too much influence over him—as her family actually desired. Early Reign When Louis XV died in 1774, Louis succeeded him as Louis XVI, aged 19. He was aloof and reserved, but possessed a genuine interest in the affairs of his kingdom, both internal and external. He was obsessed with lists and figures, comfortable when hunting, but timid and awkward everywhere else (he watched people coming and going from Versailles through a telescope). He was an expert on the French Navy and a devotee of mechanics and engineering, although this may be overemphasized by historians. Louis had studied English history and politics and was determined to learn from accounts of Charles I, the English king who was beheaded by his parliament. Louis restored the position of the French parlements (provincial courts) which Louis XV had tried to reduce. Louis XVI did so because he believed it was what the people wanted, and partly because the pro-parlementary faction in his government worked hard to convince him it was his idea. This earned him public popularity but obstructed royal power. Some historians deem this restoration as one factor that helped lead to the French Revolution. Weak Ruling From the Start Louis was unable to unite his court. Indeed, Louis’ aversion to ceremony and to maintaining a dialogue with nobles he disliked meant that court took on a lesser role and many nobles ceased to attend. In this way, Louis undermined his own position among the aristocracy. He turned his natural reserve and tendency to be silent into an act of state, simply refusing to reply to people with whom he disagreed. Louis saw himself as a reforming monarch but took little lead. He allowed the attempted reforms of Turgot at the start and promoted the outsider Jacques Necker to be finance minister, but he consistently failed to either take a strong role in government or to appoint someone like a prime minister to take one. The result was a regime riven by factions and lacking a clear direction. War and Calonne Louis approved support of the American revolutionaries against Britain in the American Revolutionary War. He was eager to weaken Britain, Frances longtime enemy, and to restore French confidence in their military. Louis was determined not to use the war as a way of grabbing new territory for France. However, by refraining this way, France accrued ever greater debts, which dangerously destabilized the country. Louis turned to Charles de Calonne to help reform Frances fiscal system and save France from bankruptcy. The king had to call an Assembly of Notables in order to force through these fiscal measures and other major reforms because the traditional cornerstone of Ancien Regime politics, the relation between the king and the parlement, had collapsed. Open to Reform Louis was prepared to turn France into a constitutional monarchy, and in order to do so, because the Assembly of Notables proved to be unwilling, Louis called an Estates-General. The historian John Hardman has argued that the rejection of Calonne’s reforms, which Louis had given personal backing, led to the kings nervous breakdown, from which he never had time to recover. Hardman argues that the crisis changed the king’s personality, leaving him sentimental, weepy, distant, and depressed. Indeed, Louis had so closely supported Calonne that when the Notables, and seemingly France, rejected the reforms and forced him to dismiss his minister, Louis was damaged both politically and personally. Louis XVI and the Early Revolution The gathering of the Estates-General soon turned revolutionary. At first, there was little desire to abolish the monarchy. Louis might have remained in charge of a newly created constitutional monarchy if he had been able to chart a clear path through the momentous events. But he was not a king with clear, decisive vision. Instead, he was muddled, distant, uncompromising, and his habitual silence left his character and actions open to all interpretations. When his eldest son fell ill and died, Louis divorced himself from what was happening at key moments. Louis was torn this way and that by court factions. He tended to think long about issues. When proposals were finally put forward to the Estates, it had already formed into a National Assembly. Louis initially called the Assembly â€Å"a phase.† Louis then misjudged and disappointed the radicalized Estates, proving inconsistent in his vision, and arguably too late with any response. Attempts at Reform Despite this, Louis was able to publicly accept developments like the Declaration of the Rights of Man and his public support increased when it appeared he would allow himself to be recast in a new role. There is no proof Louis ever intended to overthrow the National Assembly by force of arms—because he was afraid of civil war. He initially refused to flee and gather forces. Louis believed France needed a constitutional monarchy in which he had an equal say in government. He disliked having no say in the creation of legislation and he was only given a suppressive veto that would undermine him every time he used it. Forced Back to Paris As the revolution progressed, Louis remained opposed to many of the changes desired by the deputies, privately believing that the revolution would run its course and the status quo would return. As general frustration with Louis grew, he was forced to move to Paris, where he was effectively imprisoned. The position of the monarchy was further eroded and Louis began to hope for a settlement that would mimic the English system. But he was horrified by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, which offended his religious beliefs. Flight to Vergennes and Collapse of the Monarchy Louis then made what would prove to be a major mistake: He attempted to flee to safety and gather forces to protect his family. He had no intention, at this moment or ever, of starting a civil war, nor of bringing back the Ancien Regime. He wanted a constitutional monarchy. Leaving in disguise on June 21, 1791, he was caught at Varennes and brought back to Paris. His reputation was damaged. The flight itself did not destroy the monarchy: Sections of the government tried to portray Louis as the victim of kidnapping to protect the future settlement. His flight did, however, polarize people’s views. When fleeing, Louis left behind a declaration. This declaration is often understood as damaging him; in fact, it gave constructive criticism on aspects of the revolutionary government that deputies tried to work into the new constitution before being blocked. Recreating France Louis was now forced to accept a constitution neither he, nor few other people, really believed in. Louis resolved to execute the constitution literally, in order to make other people aware of its need for reform. But others simply saw the need for a republic and the deputies who supported a constitutional monarchy suffered. Louis also used his veto—and in doing so walked into a trap set by deputies who wished to damage the king by making him veto. There were more escape plans, but Louis feared being usurped, either by his brother or a general and refused to take part. In April 1792, the French newly elected Legislative Assembly declared a pre-emptive war against Austria (which was suspected of forming anti-revolutionary alliances with French expatriates). Louis was now seen increasingly by his own public as an enemy. The king grew even more silent and depressed, being forced into more vetoes before the Paris crowd were pushed into triggering the declaration of a French Republic. Louis and his family were arrested and imprisoned. Execution Louis’ safety came further under threat when secret papers were discovered hidden in the Tuileries palace where Louis had been staying. The papers were used by enemies to claim the former king had engaged in counter-revolutionary activity. Louis was put on trial. He had hoped to avoid one, fearing that it would prevent the return of a French monarchy for a long time. He was found guilty—the only, inevitable result—and narrowly condemned to death. He was executed by guillotine on January 21, 1793, but not before ordering his son to pardon those responsible if he had the chance. Legacy Louis XVI is generally portrayed as the fat, slow, silent monarch who oversaw the collapse of absolute monarchy. The reality of his reign is generally lost to public memory, including the fact that he tried to reform France to a degree few would ever have imagined before the Estates-General was called. An argument among historians persists as to what responsibility Louis holds for the events of the revolution, or whether he happened to preside over France at a moment when much greater forces conspired to provoke massive change. Most agree that both were factors: The time was ripe and Louis faults certainly hastened the revolution. The ideology of absolute rule was collapsing in France, but at the same time it was Louis who consciously entered into the American Revolutionary War, incurring debt, and it was Louis whose indecision and mangled attempts at governing alienated the Third Estate deputies and provoked the first creation of the National Assembly. Sources EyeWitness to History. The Execution of Louis XVI, 1793. 1999.Hardman, John. Louis XVI:  The Silent King. Bloomsbury Academic,  2000.  Hardman, John. The Life of Louis XVI.  Yale University Press,  2016.

Navajo Soldiers World War II Code Talkers

World War II had no shortage of heroes, but the conflict likely would’ve ended on a completely different note for the United States without the efforts of the Navajo soldiers known as Code Talkers. At the onset of the war, the U.S. found itself vulnerable to Japanese intelligence specialists who used their English-speaking soldiers to intercept the messages issued by the U.S. military. Each time the military devised a code, Japanese intelligence experts deciphered it. As a result, they not only learned which actions U.S. forces would take before they carried them out but gave the troops bogus missions to confuse them. To prevent the Japanese from intercepting subsequent messages, the U.S. military developed highly intricate codes that could take more than two hours to decrypt or encrypt. This was far from an efficient way to communicate. But ​World War I veteran Philip Johnston would change that by suggesting that the U.S. military develop a code based on the Navajo language. A Complex Language World War II did not mark the first time the U.S. military developed a code based on an indigenous language. In World War I, Choctaw speakers served as code talkers. But Philip Johnston, a missionary’s son who grew up on the Navajo reservation, knew that a code based on the Navajo language would be especially difficult to break. For one, the Navajo language was largely unwritten at the time and many words in the language have different meanings depending on context. Once Johnston demonstrated to the Marine Corps how effective a Navajo-based code would be in thwarting intelligence breaches, the Marines set out to sign up Navajos as radio operators. The Navajo Code in Use In 1942, 29 Navajo soldiers ranging in age from 15 to 35 years old collaborated to create the first U.S. military code based on their indigenous language. It started off with a vocabulary of about 200 but tripled in quantity by the time World War II ended. The Navajo Code Talkers could pass messages in as few as 20 seconds. According to the official Navajo Code Talkers website, indigenous words that sounded like military terms in English made up the code. â€Å"The Navajo word for turtle meant ‘tank,’ and a dive-bomber was a ‘chicken hawk.’ To supplement those terms, words could be spelled out using Navajo terms assigned to individual letters of the alphabet—the selection of the Navajo term being based on the first letter of the Navajo word’s English meaning. For instance, ‘Wo-La-Chee’ means ‘ant,’ and would represent the letter ‘A.’† U.S. Triumphs With Code The code was so complex that not even native Navajo speakers comprehended it. â€Å"When a Navajo listens to us, he wonders what in the world we’re talking about,† Keith Little, the late code talker, explained to news station My Fox Phoenix in 2011. The code also proved unique because the Navajo soldiers weren’t allowed to write it down once on frontlines of the war. The soldiers functioned essentially as â€Å"living codes.† During the first two days of the Battle of Iwo Jima, the code talkers transmitted 800 messages with no mistakes. Their efforts played a key role in the U.S. emerging from the Battle of Iwo Jima as well as the battles of Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Saipan, and Okinawa victoriously. â€Å"We saved a lot of lives†¦, I know that we did,† Little said. Honoring the Code Talkers The Navajo Code Talkers may have been World War II heroes, but the public didn’t realize it because the code created by the Navajos remained a top military secret for decades following the war. Finally in 1968, the military declassified the code, but many believed that the Navajos didn’t receive the honors befitting of war heroes. In April 2000, Sen. Jeff Bingaman of New Mexico sought to change that when he introduced a bill authorizing the U.S. president to award gold and silver congressional medals to the Navajo Code Talkers. In December 2000, the bill went into effect. â€Å"It has taken too long to properly recognize these soldiers, whose achievements have been obscured by twin veils of secrecy and time,† Bingaman said. â€Å"†¦I introduced this legislation – to salute these brave and innovative Native Americans, to acknowledge the great contribution they made to the Nation at a time of war, and to finally give them their rightful place in history.† Code Talkers Legacy The Navajo Code Talkers’ contributions to the U.S. military during World War II entered popular culture when the film â€Å"Windtalkers,† starring Nicolas Cage and Adam Beach, debuted in 2002. Although the movie received mixed reviews, it exposed a large swath of the public to World War II’s Native American heroes. The Navajo Code Talkers Foundation, an Arizona nonprofit, also functions to raise awareness about these skillful soldiers and celebrate Native American culture, history and heritage.

Describe Sexual and Gender Identity, the Distinction Between Them Free Essays

In physiological side, the sex identity is regarding the appearance of the external sex organs at the birth of an infant. Hence, the sex identity of boy or girl is usually straight forward related to biological. On the other hand, the gender identity is more complicated. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe Sexual and Gender Identity, the Distinction Between Them or any similar topic only for you Order Now It cannot be focus on biological process and it may affect by many aspects. Firstly, the behavior of males and females always affect by different culture and society. Each culture has their own sex roles standards and can change as time goes on. For example, there is big difference viewpoint when we look at a transvestist nowadays. We can accept this is a trendy and they are fashionable. Even though many parents can gradually accept their son or daughter is a transgender, they will try their best to lead their children in the appropriate sex roles from infancy stage. Girl must wear dress in pink and play with their â€Å"Barbie† doll. Whereas, boy must play with their car or transformers toys. Also boy should be stronger than girl and protect them always. Crying is for girl only. Hence, the major influences on the child’s adoption of typical masculine or typical feminine are their parents’ attitudes. In general, tomboy is easier to accept by people than effeminate behavior for boys. The sex-roles of cultures that are radically different from our own. According to Margaret Mead’s studying of three tribes, the Arapesh, the Mundugumor and the Tchambuli, she found that few sex role differences in the Arapesh and the Mundugumor. The males and females of the Arapesh were passive, gentle and co-operative. The Mundugumor were aggressive, restrictive and fierce. The Tchambuli appeared to be a complete reversal of the typical male and female sex-roles as we know them. The women were independent and aggressive whilst the men were considered sentimental and emotional. Such finding indicated a great deal of cultural and social influences on the child’s formation of either male or female. By learning theory, the acquisition of gender roles was by teaching rather than biological. Bandura, the social learning theorist, believe that sex appropriate behaviors are learned like the other behaviors. They are both via imitation and reinforced by parents. Non-appropriate behaviors is not allowed or actively discouraged. From the infant was born, their parents started to instil sex appropriate behaviors consciously and unconsciously. Goldberg and Lewis in 1969 studying 32 girls and 32 boys with their mothers, they found that the emergence of sex-typed behaviors by the age of 13 months and indicated links between these sex-appropriate behaviors and the way in which these toddlers had been treated by their mothers. At the result, greater dependency on their mother which was showed by the girls at 13 months was due to the differences in handling at 6 months. Hence, it appears that early differences in handling may contribute to the emergence of sex-typed behavior. Some theorist believe that the biological factors still can explain why a child adopts a specific gender roles through two main ways. One is the effects of hormones and the other is the lateralisation of brain functions. Young and his associates used monkey for testing. They injected pregnant monkeys with testosterone (a male hormone) early in their pregnancy. They found that female offspring had some genital abnormalities and showed types of social behavior which were more characteristic of male monkeys. Later testing the female monkeys injected testosterone after birth but before puberty, they become much more assertive, and even becoming very powerful. From another theorist, John Money, he matched pairs of hermaphrodites, he concluded that it is the socially imposed identity which is the accepted one though there does appear to be a critical period between 18 months and 3 years after which sexual reassignment is unwise. Regard to the lateralisation of brain functions, two hemispheres of the brain specialize in different functions. In general, the left hemisphere is concerned with processing verbal material while the right hemisphere deals with spatial information. The other theorist, Bryden found that men are more specialised than women. That means men are more vulnerable to the effects of brain damage than women. For example, if a woman suffers damage to the left hemisphere she is less likely to suffer language impairment than a man with similar damage. Similarly, if a woman suffers damage to the right hemisphere she is less likely to show spatial problems than a man. As a result, the specialisation of the two hemispheres of the brain seem to indicate that some sex differences are inate. How to cite Describe Sexual and Gender Identity, the Distinction Between Them, Essay examples

Standards of Measure and Access an Example by

Standards of Measure and Access An easy and a quality access to health care delivery system are very important to a country specifically in the United States. These will save time, effort, energy and money. Quality has four components. These are composed of the following, effectiveness, patient safety, timeliness, and patient centeredness. On the other hand, access has also four components; these are composed of entry into the health care system, structural barriers within the system, ability of provider to address patient needs, and utilization of care ("National Healthcare Disparities Report ", 2003). Need essay sample on "Standards of Measure and Access" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In the United States, one of the significant barriers for the people in accessing an easy and quality health care delivery is the distance of a health care facilities and the health care provider as well. Most of the people in the United States who encountered problems in acquiring an easy and quality access to health care services are the people living in the rural areas. This is due to the fact that most health care providers are living in urban areas where affluent families reside. Health care providers usually chose to reside in an urban area because most of the people living there are affluent families that can afford even very expensive health care expenses. For these following reasons, there is an obvious inequality in the distribution of providing health care services in the United States. (Bagheri, Benwell, & Holt, 2005) There are five types of barriers of accessibility in Primary Health Care (PHC). These are composed of the following; availability, accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and accommodation. The last three types are known as non-spatial barriers and involve socio-economic factors. The first two types are generally spatial in nature. Availability refers to the existing health care services which the people can choose from different options or alternatives. Accessibility is the distance of the people from their residential place to the health care facilities or to the primary health care providers. Availability and accessibility are considered as spatial accessibility and the goal is to determine if Primary Health Care (PHC) services are equally distributed within the community or country based on World Health Organization (WHO) rules and country health policies. Affordability is the capability of an inpidual to pay for the costs of rendering health care. In this case, the people who belong to affluent families are the ones who can afford to pay even the most expensive health care so that they have an easy access to quality health care compare to the poor people. Acceptability refers to the way an inpidual acknowledge a treatment from a health care provider or vice versa. And lastly, accommodation is the way the patient is being treated by the health care provider during the treatment period. These five factors mentioned above greatly affect the proper rendering of primary health care to an inpidual by health care providers (Guagliardo, 2004). There are three levels of access measurement. These are the following: inpidual, health plan and delivery system. An inpidual or a patient is the primary recipient of health care provided by the health care providers. A health plan is the amount of money or energy being reserved by an inpidual for the next years in case he will eventually seek for health care. And lastly, the delivery system is the way health care services are being rendered to the inpiduals or patients in the community or country depending on the availability, accessibility, and affordability. Primary health care services are very important to an inpidual, family, community, and country. It is a way of prolonging the life of an inpidual and preventing the aggravation of ones illness. Hence, primary health care services should be available, accessible, and affordable to all the people regardless of their societal status. For this reason, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the United States of America funds programs to improve health by expanding access to comprehensive, quality health care for all Americans.(Gruwell, 2003). REFERENCES: Bagheri, N., Benwell, G., & Holt, A. (2005). Measuring spatial accessibility to primary health care [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 27 February from http://eprints.otago.ac.nz/349/01/12_bagheri.pdf Gruwell, C. (2003). Health Care Delivery Systems. Retrieved February 27, 2007, from http://www.biomed.lib.umn.edu/help/guides/HSM3521 Guagliardo, M. F. (2004). Spatial accessibility of primary care: concepts, methods and challenges [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 27 February from http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/3/1/3. National Healthcare Disparities Report (2003, February 27). Retrieved February 24, 2007, from http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhdr03/nhdr03.htm